Mechanism of water well drilling rig
1. Hydraulic oil pump: It is a dual type large capacity pump that provides power to the power head. The small displacement pump provides power for quadruped cylinders, landing mast cylinders, and booster/lift cylinders.
2. Four legs: Small drilling equipment consists of hydraulic cylinders and fixed frames. The height of the body can be adjusted at the work site to support and stabilize the body.
3. Mast: A frame structure made of giant steel pipes, channel steel, and angle steel welded together. The inner grooves of the channel steel on both sides are used for the up and down movement of the power head to ensure the verticality of the hole. The undulations of the well mast are completed by hydraulic cylinders.
4. Power head: The mechanism using a gear reducer has a large-diameter spindle in the middle of the low-speed shaft. The upper end of the mandrel can be connected to the hose interface of the concrete pouring equipment to inject concrete; The lower end of the spindle is connected to the drill rod and drill bit through a blue plate. The high-speed shaft is driven by a high torque hydraulic motor.

Water well drilling system
1. Power system, equipment that provides energy for the entire drilling rig;
2. Work system, equipment that works according to process requirements;
3. Transmission system, equipment for transmitting, transferring, and distributing energy to work units;
4. Control system, control each system and equipment, coordinate and work accurately according to the requirements of the process;
5. Auxiliary system, equipment that assists the main system in its operation.

Classification and working principle of water well drilling rig
Water well drilling platforms can be divided into three categories: rotary water well drilling platforms, impact water well drilling platforms, and composite water well drilling platforms. The former can be subdivided into large and small cone drilling machines, positive and negative circulation rotary drilling machines, hydraulic power head drilling machines, and downhole impact rotary drilling machines.

Working principle of rotary water well drilling rig
The rotary water well drilling rig mainly relies on the rotational motion of the drilling tool to break the rock layer into holes. Usually, there are large and small cone drilling machines, positive and negative circulation rotary drilling machines, hydraulic power head drilling machines, and downhole vibration rotary drilling machines. A simple rotary drilling rig only has a drilling device, while a well structured rotary drilling rig has two parts: a drilling device and a circulating well cleaning device. The drilling tools of a rotary water well drilling rig include drill rods and drill bits. The commonly used drill rods have nominal diameters of 60, 73, 76, 89, 102, and 114 mm. Drill bits are divided into two categories: full drill bits and ring drill bits.

Working principle of impact water well drilling rig
The vertical reciprocating motion of the drill bit causes it to collide with the bottom of the well to damage the rock formation. The structure is simple, but there is no circulating cleaning system, and the disassembly of chips and drilling machines cannot be carried out simultaneously, resulting in low work efficiency. The drilling depth is generally within 250 meters, and some can reach 500 to 600 meters. The main types are as follows:
A simple impact drill that uses the weight of the drill bit itself to impact the formation. The lower end of the drill bit has some foldable pointed flaps.
The wire rope impact drill consists of a top mast and lifting pulley, wire rope, impact mechanism, drill bit (including drill rod and drill bit), electric motor, etc.

There are two types of working principles for composite water well drilling machines: one is to add an impact mechanism on the basis of a rotary drilling machine, with rotary drilling being the main method. When encountering pebble layers, both water well drilling platforms are subjected to impact drilling and have strong adaptability to each layer of rock; Another type is a water well drilling rig that combines impact and rotation, such as a wind driven downhole hammer drill. The down the hole hammer drill used includes a cylinder liner and a piston that moves up and down in the cylinder liner.